Full Surface Roton Continuous Hinges Nylon Bushing Fire Rating
Large-Scale Meteorological Drivers of the Extreme Precipitation Event and Devastating Floods of Early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
by 1,* 
, 1,2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 4,5 and 4
1
Center for Atmospheric Science and Technology of National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, 5100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
3
Cerdas Antisipasi Risiko Bencana Indonesia (CARI), Bandung 40293, Indonesia
4
Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta 10720, Indonesia
5
Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Yu Du, Xiang Ni and Xiaofei Li
Received: 18 June 2022 / Revised: 4 July 2022 / Accepted: 5 July 2022 / Published: 11 July 2022
Abstract
Unusually long duration and heavy rainfall from 5 to 6 February 2021 caused widespread and devastating floods in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The heavy rainfall was produced by two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). The first MCS developed at 13Z on 5 February 2021 over the southern coast of Sumatra and propagated towards Semarang. The second MCS developed over the north coast of Semarang at 18Z on 5 February 2021 and later led to the first peak of precipitation at 21Z on 5 February 2021. These two MCSs eventually merged into a single MCS, producing the second peak of precipitation at 00Z on 6 February 2021. Analysis of the moisture transport indicates that the strong and persistent north-westerly wind near the surface induced by CENS prior to and during the event created an intensive meridional (southward) tropospheric moisture transport from the South China Sea towards Semarang. In addition, the westerly flow induced by low-frequency variability associated with La Nina and the tropical depression over the North of Australia produced an intensive zonal (eastward) tropospheric moisture transport from the Indian Ocean towards Semarang. The combined effects of the zonal and meridional moisture transport provided favorable conditions for the development of MCSs, and hence extreme rainfall over Semarang. These results provide useful precursors for extreme weather-driven hazard prediction in Semarang and the surrounding regions in the future. View Full-Text
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hermawan, E.; Lubis, S.W.; Harjana, T.; Purwaningsih, A.; Risyanto; Ridho, A.; Andarini, D.F.; Ratri, D.N.; Widyaningsih, R. Large-Scale Meteorological Drivers of the Extreme Precipitation Event and Devastating Floods of Early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071092
AMA Style
Hermawan E, Lubis SW, Harjana T, Purwaningsih A, Risyanto, Ridho A, Andarini DF, Ratri DN, Widyaningsih R. Large-Scale Meteorological Drivers of the Extreme Precipitation Event and Devastating Floods of Early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(7):1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071092
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hermawan, Eddy, Sandro W. Lubis, Teguh Harjana, Anis Purwaningsih, Risyanto, Ainur Ridho, Dita Fatria Andarini, Dian Nur Ratri, and Retno Widyaningsih. 2022. "Large-Scale Meteorological Drivers of the Extreme Precipitation Event and Devastating Floods of Early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia" Atmosphere 13, no. 7: 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071092
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Source: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1092
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